Logistics & International Trade

An ECTN (Electronic Cargo Tracking Note) is a destination-specific cargo-registration requirement used by some countries, especially in parts of Africa. Learn when it may be required, typical documents,...

A practical import customs-clearance guide covering the process, core documents, HS classification, valuation, origin, permits, brokers, common holds and a pre-arrival checklist.

A practical guide to freight charges covering ocean, air and road cost components, FCL/LCL, chargeable weight, prepaid vs collect, Incoterms and landed-cost comparison.

Understand customs duty, tariffs and import taxes, how classification, customs value and origin affect charges, and how to calculate an illustrative landed import cost.

Choosing a transport mode requires balancing cost, transit time, reliability, capacity, cargo characteristics and risk. Compare road, rail, air and sea freight and use a practical weighted approach...

A Telex Release is an electronic cargo-release process used after an original bill of lading is surrendered or electronically released under the carrier's procedure. Learn how it differs...

CIF is a sea/inland-waterway Incoterms® 2020 rule. The seller pays freight and minimum cargo insurance to the destination port, while risk transfers earlier when the goods are on...

CFR requires the seller to pay ocean freight to the named destination port, but risk transfers earlier when the goods are on board the vessel at shipment. Learn...

FOB is a sea/inland-waterway Incoterms® 2020 rule. Learn the on-board risk-transfer point, seller/buyer costs, export clearance and why FCA is often better for container-terminal handover.

FAS (Free Alongside Ship) is a sea/inland-waterway Incoterms® 2020 rule. Learn delivery alongside the vessel, export clearance, risk transfer and when FAS fits bulk/project cargo.